Essays --

Alcohol should be illegal in the United States. Alcohol is scientifically proven to be depressing. Alcohol have ruined millions of families in US and around the world. Some people drink alcohol to get out of their depression but in reality they are getting more depressed just like tobacco and other drugs. It is the fifth most dangerous drug in the world. It is very easy to get hands on these days around any corner of the world. Today everywhere we go, people have social gatherings or party, in these gatherings we show class, what’s a better way to show class then open up an expensive bottle of patron or absolute vodka? Yeah see were this is going a man can’t be judged by what he drinks. But should this mean Alcohol should be illegal? Alcohol consumption can cause several problems like health, automobile accidents and crimes. Now a days, drinking alcohol is not big deal even if you are twenty one year old. Alcohol is ethanol and that cause more than sixty diseases for example cancer, anemia, cirrhosis and many more. Alcohol is central nervous system depressant that slow down ...

Critical Movie Review Psychology: Girl, Interrupted Essay

Critical Movie Review â€Å"Girl, Interrupted† This movie revolves around a young woman named Susanna in the 1960s who is experiencing mental issues and ends up in a mental institution. Her journey focuses on her relationship with several of the other patients and nurses. At first she doesn’t believe she is ill, and resists her treatment, instead befriending another patient, Lisa, who takes her on many adventures inside and outside of the hospital. Lisa leads her down the wrong path which ends in the death of a former patient. This event leads Susanna down the right path and she dives into focusing on making herself well. The lead characters include Susanna, a young woman with borderline personality disorder. She doesn’t know what she wants to do or where to go in life. She finds herself admitted into a mental institution after taking a bottle of aspirin and drinking a bottle of vodka. Lisa is a â€Å"lifer† patient in the ward, and she clearly has some major personality, social and mental issues. It was never clearly spoken what her diagnosis was, however, some of the other girls on the ward mention sociopath, and criminally insane. She has no empathy for others around her unless it benefits her. She is manipulative and conniving. She uses the weakness of the minds in her circle to get what she wants. This intrigues Susanna, who befriends Lisa, to Susanna, she personifies freedom. Another character is Valerie, a black woman, and head nurse of Susannas ward. She doesn’t take any lip, and is a very strong mother figure in the story. Valerie is a single mother, and I believe this ad ds to her strength with dealing with the girls in the ward. There are several mental disorders depicted in Girl, Interrupted. Susanna has borderline personality disorder. This was portrayed very well, considering the clinical description of the disorder. She feels that time can go backward and forward, she frequently has flashbacks, is generally pessimistic, tends toward the company of men, whereas she is quite promiscuous. Susanna also made a feeble attempt at suicide by taking aspirin and vodka, which is what landed her in the hospital. Our book states that one thing borderline disorder sufferers do is threats or attempts at injuring themselves for attention. I believe that the talk and attempts at death are more a call for help than a desire to injure oneself. Lisa, well, she is textbook sociopathic. She is classically crazy, and portrayed well. Lisa has no empathy or feelings unless she can be benefited. She latches herself onto Susanna because she sees that Susanna can be manipulated. Lisa shows a lot of violence and false threats to acts of violence. I also believe that Lisa loves the attention, and craves it. She also gets off on pushing peoples buttons, to see how far she can push a person. This was perfectly shown when she and Susanna run away and stay with a former patient, Daisy. Lisa pushes Daisy’s buttons to a point that she hangs herself. This was a turning point in the movie where Susanna realizes that she needs and wants to get better, as well as being able to see Lisa for who she really is. Susanna initially has issues coping with her diagnosis. She believes that her being in the mental hospital is a ploy and a way to hide her by her parents. She doesn’t really understand why she is the way she is, or why she thinks the way she thinks. Befriending Lisa, is her way of rebelling in a small way. She struggles with her diagnosis but after Daisy’s death, she becomes committed to getting better. She uses the resources of the hospital to get everything off her chest, which makes her feel more normal. Wynona Rider and Angelina Jolie did a fantastic job portraying Susanna and Lisa. Ms Rider has always been a fantastic actress and her look is perfect in portraying the malaise of Susanna. You really begin to believe and feel what Susanna feels. One begins to understand the pain and suffering that Susanna is going through. She wants to fit in, maybe too much. Yet she does not want to be like her mother. She wants to be different. She is ambivalent. Ms Jolie, well, she gets the Oscar for being able to show how smart a crazy person can be. Sometimes we think of a person with a mental issue as drooling and head banging. Lisa is very smart. She sees the world like no other person can see it. Lisa believes this is an advantage, that she can see the real truth. Ms Jolie put you right in the middle of that image and almost made one afraid to open their door to a stranger. I love this movie. It has been in my collection for years and I have watched  in many times. This time through though, I was really focused on the girls’ behavior and the symptoms they displayed. I’ve always thought this movie applied to me a lot, helping me to suppress some of the feelings I have sometimes, and revealing that I need to stay on my meds as well. It also helps me know that â€Å"crazy† isn’t always â€Å"crazy† and that there is a way to get well, and stay well.

State Of Banking Before And After Financial Crisis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1809 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Introduction: Banks play a very important role in financial system. Most businesses have a need for a line of credit or other financing with a bank (Editorials, Street directory).  A stable financial system can help a nations economy grow steadily than it would in an unstable financial system. From loans to investments, financial institutions are exposed to all kinds of risks in the market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "State Of Banking Before And After Financial Crisis" essay for you Create order Risk is universal in the financial industry and everything that a financial institution does requires thorough Risk Management Practices (RMPs). The recent financial crisis has brought out the existing flaw in the banking system which probably no one had forecasted few years before. In the past, first the economy used to slowdown which would result in financial crisis but this time it is other way round. During the current financial crisis, banks and other financial institutions, particularly in the U.S, have collapsed which has resulted in slowdown of global economy. Research Question/Main Problem: This research will try and bring out the changes that have happened in operations of banking, over past 5-6 years, from huge profit making business to managing risks efficiently. Aim and Objective: The dissertation aims to look at the developments in banking sector in both, a developed and developing economy, so that the positive points from both the economies can be brought forward and negative points can be addressed and rectified. The study also aims to highlight some of the key reasons of financial crisis. It is very hard or rather impossible to imagine carrying out business in the absence of banks or financial system. Hence, it is very important to study and conduct a research about the crisis that have impacted the financial industry, so that some lessons can be learnt and in the future, and mistakes can be avoided. If the study is limited to one country, sample might not be large enough and hence the research looks at two different economies of the world (Heffernan, 1996). Therefore two countries i.e. UK and India have been selected for the study. It will help to identify how banks have managed their business during cyclical upturn, peak in crisis. The study also i ntends to highlight the trend of banking activities. And will also draw attention on how the proportion of risk has changed over the past years. Highlighting changes in key ratios will give a clear picture of what has happened and what can be expected in the future. It would be important to compare the balance sheets of some of the major banks of both the countries from the year 2004 till 2009 to check the percentage increase or decrease in their activities in order to come to a conclusion and provide suggestions/recommendations. Brief Literature Review: Since this study deals developments in banks and their performance over last few years, ratio analysis would be best suited for the study. These ratios are easily available on Bank-scope website (www.bankscope.com). These can also be cross checked from respective banks annual reports which are available on the internet. Heffernans (1996) study on performance of banks in 1980s indicated that some of the banks assets grew faster than nominal GDP, which means that banks were highly profitable. However, in late 1980s and 1990s there were asset quality problems in some of the large banks which had to write off non-performing portfolios. Because of which there was increased regulatory pressure and banks had to move towards fee-earning business i.e. securities underwriting and trading. It was during this time that international business was growing but was not profitable for banks because of high operating costs. However, banks found ways of reducing their costs by issuing their own CDs a nd introduce new products which were not capital intensive and resulted in fee income. Thus like other sectors, banks too used international trade and globalisation to increase their profits and diversify their risks. But, there have been one financial crisis in at least in every decade. Globalisation has been blamed for some of the previous financial crisis. There have been few economists who have argued that policies of the government resulted in the crisis and not technology. Asian crisis of 1997 is one such example (Krugman, 1998.). International organisations like WTO, World Bank, IMF promote globalisation and international trade for the development and welfare of under developed and developing economies. It has opened up global economy and countries like China and India have grown faster than expected. Globalisation has also reduced the sense of isolation which was felt before in developing countries. But in many countries, like the African nations, globalisation has not been beneficial or has not reached and hence most African nations remain underdeveloped (Stiglitz, 2002). Globalisation resulted in innovation of various risk reducing financial products and strategies like Futures, Options, Derivatives and Securitization. This study will help to understand how some of these products and strategies which were supposed to reduce risk, resulted in downfall of global economy. Sub-problems: The sub problems of this study are: Global economy before financial crisis à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this will help to understand how banks were making huge profits; Economic and financial globalization and the expansion of world trade have brought substantial benefits to countries around the world (International Monetary Fund) What led to Crisis? this problem will help to realise what was happening in the banking world which went unnoticed till the time crisis hit some of the major banks; One of the key issue was the rising defaults on subprime mortgages in the US that triggered the global financial crisis (Subprime Fallout, Financial Times) Steps taken by international bodies like World Bank, WTO, UN, etc to rescue Global Economy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Though the most acute phase of the global financial crisis has passed, recovery remains fragile.   Persistent risks to economic health include high unemployment and low growth in developed countries and scarce international f inancing for developing countries. The poorest countries continue to need assistance to move beyond the crisis (Financial Crisis, World Bank report); World Bank is also expanding its cooperation with IMF, UN to promote inclusiveness, innovation, efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability (World Bank reform, World Bank). Since crisis in the USA impacted all major economies, rescue steps taken by some international organisations are important to take note of; Impact of financial crisis to UK Indian economy and steps taken by govt. central bank individually along the guidelines of Basel, bring out flaws if any. Bank of England and Reserve Bank of India have taken several steps to ensure that respective economies continue to grow and remain stable (BoE and RBI). Research Methodology: Punch (1998) has indicated that quantitative research is concerned with the collection and analysis of data in numeric form. It tends to emphasize relatively large scale and representative sets of data, and is often, falsely in our view, presented or perceived as being about the gathering of facts. Whereas qualitative research is concerned with collecting and analysing information in as many forms, mainly non-numeric, as possible. It tends to focus on as much detail as possible and aims to achieve depth rather than breadth. All qualitative research seeks understanding of data that are complex and need to be approached only in context (Morse et al, 2002). A correlation study, quantitative research method, examines the extent to which differences in one characteristic or variable are related to differences to one or more characteristics or variables. A correlation exists if, when one variable increases, another variable either increases or decreases in a somewhat predictable fashi on. This study will collect numbers (data) that reflect specific measurements of the characteristics in question (Leedy, 2009). This type of study will be particularly useful for comparing ratios of different years and it will give out a clear picture of how operations of banks have changed over past few years. The good thing about this type of study is that the results are hard to manipulate as the data used would be a published data. Case study, qualitative research method,  refers to the collection and presentation of detailed information about a particular participant or small group, frequently including the accounts of subjects themselves. The case study is ideally suited to the needs and resources of the small-scale researcher (Loraine, et al. 2001). It is a form of qualitative descriptive research, which looks intensely at an individual or small participant pool, drawing conclusions only about that participant or group and only in that specific context. A case study researcher often begins to analyze the data during the data collection process (Leedy, 2009). As stated by Loraine B, et al. (2001) the drawbacks of case studies are: The very complexity of a case can make analysis difficult because of the holistic nature of the case study. The researcher needs to show connections between various events but not lose sight of the whole picture. While the contextualization of aspects of the case strengthen this form of research, it is difficult to know where context begins and ends. However the advantages of case studies are linked to their disadvantages, which are: They allow the researcher to show the complexity of social life and good case studies build on this to explore alternative meanings and interpretations. This study will be a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methodology. In the past, both studies, qualitative and quantitative, have been conducted in order to determine the main reasons of bank failures (Hefferna n, 1996). Since the main research problem deals with key financial ratios, quantitative research method would address it the best. However, the sub problems of this topic would require qualitative research as they are more theoretical involving case studies and previous examples of bank failures to better understand what really went wrong and how things could have been avoided. This study will undertake qualitative research in the form of comparative case study because the study will be looking at various issues that have resulted in the downfall of banks and banking operations in respective countries. Data Collection and Analysis Data will be collected via secondary sources such as websites, annual reports of banks, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Financial articles, Journals. The main quantitative analysis will be focused on the banking sector of the two countries and see if any trends or flaws can be highlighted. The data will be analyzed with the help of tables and graphs which would be explained. On the other hand qualitative analysis of comparative case studies will be mainly focused on sub problems which will lead the researcher in answering the main research problem. Conclusion/Potential Results This study might be able to bring out the current approach of banks towards various risks. The study might also be able to point put the best practices that are followed by the banks in the sample countries. The study will also try to point out flaws, if any, in the existing structure and operation of banks and recommend corrective steps.

Carpe Diem A Collection of Poems on the Passage of Time

The Latin phrase carpe diem—usually expressed in English as â€Å"seize the day† although its literal translation is â€Å"pluck the day† or â€Å"pick the day† as in gathering flowers—originates in the Odes of Horace (Book 1, No. 11): carpe diem quam minimum credula posteroSeize the day and put no trust in the future The sentiment carries with it an awareness of the passage of time, the fleeting nature of life, and the approach of death and decay, and its exhortation to take hold of the present moment, make the most of the time we have, and live life fully has resonated down the centuries in many poems. Here are a few of the classics: Horace,Ode 11 from Book I of the Odes of Horace (23 B.C.),three translations into English, by Sir Thomas Hawkins (1625), Christopher Smart (1756) and John Conington (1863) Samuel Daniel,Another Song from Tethys Festival — â€Å"Are They Shadows?† (1610) William Shakespeare,â€Å"Carpe Diem† from Twelfth Night (1623) Thomas Jordan,â€Å"Coronemus nos Rosis antequam marcescant—Let us drink and be merry† (1637) Robert Herrick,â€Å"To the Virgins, To Make Much of Time† (1648) Andrew Marvell,â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† (1681) John Gay,Air from The Beggar’s Opera — â€Å"Youth’s the Season† (1728) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,â€Å"A Psalm of Life† (1839) Charles Baudelaire,â€Å"Intoxication† (1869) Ella Wheeler Wilcox,â€Å"Arise† (1872) William Ernest Henley,â€Å"O Gather Me the Rose† (1874) Ernest Dowson,â€Å"Vità ¦ Summa Brevis Spem nos Vetat Incohare Longam† (1896) A.E. H ousman,â€Å"Loveliest of trees, the cherry now† (1896) Sara Teasdale,â€Å"Barter† (1917) Edna St. Vincent Millay,â€Å"First Fig† (1920) Robert Frost,â€Å"Carpe Diem† (1923)

DIACAP Analysis And Outline Of The Dod Information Systems

authority to operate and undertake reviews, while lastly being decommissioned. DIACAP has been observed to offer visibility and management for the safe running of the DoD information systems. In many cases, DIACAP considers business or mission need, the safety of individually obvious facts, protection of the data being processed and safety of the surrounding of the systems facts. Various artifacts constitute the DIACAP package. Accordingly, the System Identification Profile (SIP) comprises the set of facts collected during registration of the system (Department of Defense, n.d.). The other element entails DIACAP Implementation Plan (DIP) which represents the model with regard to system implementation and the current enactment status of†¦show more content†¦Another step involves security checks upon implementation and describes agency-level threat to the business scenario or the mission. It similarly entails sanctioning the information system for processing and lastly constant monitoring of the security controls. FISMA and NISTs standards are aimed at offering the ways for agencies to achieve their identified missions with safety commensurate with the threat (United States Department of Agriculture, 2015). Together with guidelines from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), FISMA and NIST create a framework for advancing and growing an information security scheme (SecureIT, 2008). Such framework includes control descriptions and evaluation, program development, and system certification and accreditation. The final objective involves conducting daily functioning of the agency and achieving the agencys articulated objectives with sufficient security commensurate with risk. HIPAA Compliancy: Process The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) secures protected health information (PHI) from unsanctioned access. PHI comprises any identifiable facts regarding a patient that may be composed of their address, name, and medical records number. HIPAA offers regulations that are needed for enhanced data security that is increasingly distinct to the health care industry. Usually, patients are the main

Miranda is an American short story, which was published in 1988 Free Essays

â€Å"Miranda† is an American short story, which was published in 1988. It points up the conflicts that might arise when a young girl finds out that she is pregnant. In addition to the obligatory section B, I will in my essay incorporate a short analysis of the text. We will write a custom essay sample on Miranda is an American short story, which was published in 1988 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main character’s name is â€Å"Miranda† as the title of the story. Miranda is an 18 year old girl who, in the beginning of the story, lives at home by her parents in Los Angeles, California. The story starts the day before she leaves for College in Boston. As the story progresses Miranda’s feelings are changing. In the beginning of the story she seems like a well-balanced girl. She has everything: freedom, a great boyfriend and understanding parents. She seems like any other teenage girl. But as she finds out she is pregnant, she is slowly changing. She gets more and more sceptical towards her surroundings and the whole thing with the pregnancy is not easy for her either. She also becomes more serious and melancholic, because she learns more about life; about what is consists of. Holly is Miranda’s friend and roommate in Boston. She is a year older than Miranda and a more free-minded kind of girl who tries to get Miranda to see things from her point of view. She is a girl who just wants to have fun and not necessarily always thinks of the consequences of her actions. That shows when she often sleeps with her new friend Brian on week nights, and then subsequently gets visited by her boyfriend Tom in the weekends. Holly’s role in the story is to put Miranda into a situation where she has to choose, to tell the reader what kind of girl Miranda is; what her values are. That seems pretty obvious when Miranda says that she wants to be owned, and that she will marry Michael. (p. 4, l. 95) Holly represents the common opinion and she is the contrast to Miranda. When Miranda comes home to her parents, they are having a conversation about her pregnancy with her and Michael. Their reaction reflects the society they live in and they are, surprisingly, more than understanding and sympathizing – or so it would seem. As a true product of their environment, they strongly advise Miranda to get an abortion. Miranda’s parents do not want a daughter who does not study and therefore cannot get an education. As her mother says, she will end up as a dumb little house-wife. (p. 5, l. 147) They want her to have an abortion, so she does not end up in misery. That is not only best for her and Michael, but also for the unborn child. Miranda is mortified at the thought of killing her child. She does not care about the hardships – she is willing to accept the responsibility of the child and raise it. When her parents realise that they are not reaching Miranda, they turn to Michael in an effort to influence him. Michael is young and at school, just the same as Miranda, and although he loves her and accepts the responsibility of the child, he is thinking of his future as well as. When he first heard the news, he soon talked about marriage, because he felt that it was the right thing to do. On the other hand Michael is relieved that her parents are trying to talk her out of it, because he realized that he is not ready to be a father. Michael knows he cannot forsake the baby, otherwise he would scar Miranda. He cannot look Miranda in the eyes; probably because he feels ashamed and guilty about the whole situation. Michael is hurting Miranda when he acts the way he does. She can see that his eyes are full of relief and gratitude when her parents come to the rescue for him. In a sense they buy Michael because they know that if he wont help raise the child, neither will Miranda. Unfortunately, Michael soon realises his mistake – by giving up on the baby, he is also giving up on Miranda. You could say that the choice was between Miranda and the child, or Michael and his future. â€Å"†¦ She looked at Michael. He looked at her, guilty, ashamed (p. 6, l. 195)†¦ He had both won and lost, and his unhappy face struggled to endure both. p. 6, l. 197) The central theme in this short story is teenage pregnancy and the worries and difficulties it brings along with it. The decision to have an abortion or not is a very complicated, because it brings up intense feelings and moral questions, and this often place people in difficult situations. Miranda is an example of a girl who has a lot of thoughts after becoming pregnant. She truly wants to have the baby, but ends up giving in to the fight with her parents. Miranda falls under the traditional values of what is â€Å"the right thing to do,† but at the same time she abandons her chance for happiness. That leads us to another theme in the story: Society’s view on success and happiness. Today, the ultimate idea of success is to please ourselves first, get that major degree and job – then plan a family and a future. Miranda sees it all more simply; she has a baby, she is willing to take responsibility, and plans her future along a different path than society wants for her. Every so often you have to listen to your heart, in order to make yourself happy. Maybe that means going against everyone you know and all you’ve been taught, but sometimes, that is the only way to be happy. How to cite Miranda is an American short story, which was published in 1988, Papers

Managing Financial Resources and Decisions

Question: Describe about the Case Study for Managing Financial Resources and Decisions? Answer: Identification of different types of sources of finance available to Green Supplied Ltd. The start-up companies raise their funds to expand the business by many ways such as seed capital from the venture capitalists, borrowing money from the lenders and hiring machineries from the suppliers. These all are different types of external sources of funds. Therefore, there are three types of general sources of funds to expand the business in the market. In this context, the analysts have found that there are internal sources of funds like retained earnings (Schreiber 2013). The firms may expand its business by using the reserve funds in the balance sheet (Krishnan, Nandy and Puri 2014). However, a new company may not have much business in past to promote the future expansion by its reserve money. Therefore, the new firms have to find different sources of funds. The firms those have started its business for less than five years, cannot issue shares in the capital markets (Branch 2013). It is the normal procedure for the maximum country in the world. Thereby, the small start-ups normally source the funds by pledging its shares to some types of companies (Gartner, Frid and Alexander 2012). In this context, Green supplies may source its funds from Celtic Group. However, the available funds from Celtic Group will be a type of external source for the company. The following discussion will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of different types of sourcing of funds. Assessment of implications of different sources of finances The costs and risks of sourcing the funds are the main reasons to evaluate the different types of sources before taking the money. The external sources like equity pledging to the funding company are highly risky from the viewpoint of fund raising company. Green Supplies Ltd will have to risk its management control to the fund providers as they may stop its banking transactions as well as sell the pledged shares in the market for their benefit. It might cause to lose the management control of the existing managers in the market (Nehf et al. 2015). The external sources like borrowing money from the lenders have different risk exposures. The borrowing company has to repay from time to time for the borrowing amount and they have to rely on its revenue to do so. Further, the rate of interest may change from time to time due to change in inflation rate of the economy (Chandra and Medrano 2012). Therefore, borrowing money from the lenders is not much feasible as there will be regular burde n to repay the amount with long-term risk of upside down in interest rate. The equipment in the firm may be hired from the suppliers to reduce the operating cost. It may allow the firms to get relief from heavy capital expenditure due to expanding its capacity. However, in this way, the firm may not get the capital to expand its fixed assets like building or may not get the seed for working capital. Therefore, Green supplies cannot select hiring of equipment as the only source of funds. The risk of sourcing funds in this way is low as well as the long-term expenses too (Shourideh and Zetlin-Jones 2012). The start-up funds normally source their capital from the venture capitalists. The seed capital is provided by the venture capitalists on long-term borrowing basis. However, the firm does not need to pay any interest for the seed capital. It may manage its business with its core objectives as well as expand the same in a long-run. The capitalists may select to opt out from the investment after some contracted period by negotiating the market valuation of the shares or the investment as per the options arrive in due course of time. The issuance of shares by the company may be an option for the capitalists to get back their money in future (Mason and Harrison 2015). The internal sources of financing the expansion has the lowest risk as the firm does not need to pay any interest. Further, the internal source is available without any condition. The cost of the internal sources of finance becomes same as the rate of required return on investment in the business (Fraser, Bhaumik and Wright 2015). The borrowing money from the lenders have high risk with bankruptcy cost in future due to hike in interest rate as well as in low revenue generation in the business (Abe, Troilo and Batsaikhan 2015). The venture capital or pledging the shares expose the risk of the business towards losing the control of management in future. However, there is no bankruptcy cost associated in these types of sources of funds. The internal source of funds has no bankruptcy cost either, or any risk exposed to external environment of the business (Brooks and Mukherjee 2013). Evaluation of appropriate sources of finance There are many types of sources financing the expansion program discussed in the above section. However, it is found that Green Supplies must source its funds from internal reserve, venture capitalist and lease-hiring of equipment from the suppliers. The advantages of all of these have discussed in the above section. However, Green supplies may have some exquisite advantages such as there will be no interest cost for all of these sources. Further, the firm does not need to control over its management except in funding the business by venture capital. The financial expenses like capital and operating cost of the business will be low using these types of funds in the expansion program. Analysis of costs of sources of funds Green Supplies Ltd must use the source like venture capital. Venture capital has no borrowing cost as the firm does not need to repay the loan every month. Therefore, it can expand its business with a long-term objectives. Further, the company does not need much equipment to expand as it has to buy the electronic products and software. Thereby, it is difficult to get the lease from the suppliers of these types of equipment. There will be no change in the income statement of Green Supplies Ltd for taking the funds from venture capitalist. However, the difference will be observed in the balance sheet of the company. The equity section of the firm will show infusion of capital from the capitalist by issuing restricted shares. The investment will go to the asset or in the cash segment of the balance sheet to balance the equation. Importance of financial planning Financial planning is important in a long-run for a business as it forecasts the income and financial position of future. According to Van Auken (2015), financial planning of a business generates the target for the operational people in the business. Additionally, the planning is also important to assess the actual performance of the business with the target value. In case of Green Supplies ltd, the financial planning of the business may provide the management an idea of the future of the financial position. The management also may set target for the future using the plan. The target of business in future as well as the operation can be created using the financial target only (Seuring and Gold 2013). The deviation from the actual performance with the target can be obtained from the planned financial information by the management. Assessment of different information for making decision in business There are many types of stakeholders present in the company. The internal stakeholders are the employees and the management of the firm. Further, the external stakeholders of the firm is suppliers, lenders and the customers. The management of the firm needs to gather information on all of the stakeholders before drawing any decision in the business (Weiss 2014). The management must gather information like salary, bonus, working capacity, attitude of the internal stakeholders. It helps the management to make decision of the operational as well as strategic changing in the organisation. Additionally, the target of the board of directors also requires in making decision as the return on investment is mainly deduced on basis of this information. The external information such as customers buying behaviour and their purchasing power are important in making decision regarding the business outcomes (Matos and Silvestre 2013). The management must sue the information of the economic opportunit y can be obtained from the lenders as it may reduce the cost of borrowing. The information of the suppliers is necessary as the availability of the products and operations in production facility are highly depended on time of supply of the products (Hauswald and Hack 2013). Therefore, a management needs specific information from every stakeholders of the business. Impact of loan and equity finances on the balance sheet The loan finances can influence the balance sheet as well as income statement. The cost of interest grows in the income statement due to infusing of debt in the balance sheet. The balance sheet equation also enriches with more liabilities as well as assets in the balance sheet (Chaudhry et al. 2015). The equity finances change the equation in the balance sheet only. It has no influence on the income statement as it has no cost or accrued presentation on the income statement normally (Kwon, Heo and Hwang 2014). June, 1 July, 1 August, 1 September, 1 opening cash balance 75000 -295000 -275000 -240000 cash sales 60000 70000 75000 85000 cash from past credit sales 550000 630000 770000 cash purchase 310000 450000 500000 520000 Credit payment 55000 65000 60000 Rent 30000 30000 loan repayment 15000 15000 15000 15000 Other expenses 75000 80000 90000 95000 Closing balance -295000 -275000 -240000 -105000 Net cash after September -915000 From the above analysis of cash budget, we can see that the business of Heath limited has a deficit of 915000 at the end of September, 2015. However, the situation can be dealt by borrowing overdraft from the bank to equate the deficit with the borrowed money at the end of the month. Further, the management may reduce the credit term of the buyers at 15 days so that half of the credit can be collected from the market within the month of the sales. It would reduce the deficit of cash in the first two months. In the last month, there would be surplus of cash in the company for going with this strategy (Cunningham et al. 2012). Fixed cost/unit 100 variable cost/unit 150 total cost/unit 250 Total cost for 550 units 137500 Selling Price for 550 units 195 at 30% mark-up price Fixed cost/unit 100 variable cost/unit 150 total cost/unit 250 Selling Price for 550 units 187.5 at 25% mark-up price cost/unit for additional 1500 150 total cost 225000 SP /unit 187.5 Total revenue 281250 total cost 259375 profit on 1500 unit 21875 The above tables show the investment analysis of the three projects using NPV and payback period methods. According to Parsons and Tinkelman (2013) NPV method is suitable to analyse the investment in different projects with having same rate of return. However, the individual period of the different projects may be different. In this technique of appraisal, the projects of different period and investment can be analysed by evaluating the rate of return in present value. However, the method cannot show the comparison of sustainable advantage from any project. The risk of the investment also cannot be predicted using the NPV method (Cilloni, Marinoni and Merino 2013). The payback period ensures the return of the invested sum. In this method, the investors may get the information of risk of period that they have to bear to get back the investment from the projects (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey 2013). However, it does not provide the information of exact return on investment as in this met hod the return on investment is considered in future value. Further, the method estimates the time rather the return on investment (Oberholzer 2013). In this context, the project A is the most viable financially as well as measuring the risk associated with the investment. The payback period of the project A is the lowest as well as the present value of the return is the highest. Therefore, management of Day choice Ltd must go for the project A. Explanation of main financial statements From the business, we may get two types of financial statements income statement and balance sheet. Income statement provides the information on the revenue income of the business on current basis. Further, the current expenses on the operation of the business can be observed in the income statement. However, the capital expenditure cannot be obtained from this statement (Tan 2013). The balance sheet provides the information on current assets and liabilities at the end of the period (Ormiston and Fraser 2013). It also encapsulates the non-current assets and the non-current liabilities of the firms. Further, the equation of balance sheet equates the deficiency in liabilities with assets by the equity present in the business (Huang, Ye and Du 2014). Therefore, the main financial statements generates the information on the revenue income and expenses as well as the financial position of the business. The equation of Income statement is as follows: Income expenses = net profit The equation of balance sheet is as follows: Assets Liabilities = Capital Comparison of financial statements of a Sole trader and a Public Limited company The financial statement of Sole trader comprises of trading and profit loss statement of a period. It also adds the balance sheet in its statement of finance (ZHU, ZHANG and ZHANG 2014). However, the financial statement of a Sole trader also generates information of personal other income in the statement. Thereby, the financial income or loss can be offset by other personal income or losses (Bucci 2014). Additionally, in a sole traders financial statement, the balance sheet is optional while it is mandatory for the public limited company (Wei 2014). The reason is to provide clear information on financial position of the company to the shareholders can be produced. However, for a sole trader, the owners know about the position of the balance sheet. In a sole trader account, the profit can be withdrawn as cash without any tax treatment. But, the same treatment is not possible in case of public limited company. Personal borrowing is also possible from the business account while only th e directors can borrow with certain limitation in a publicly traded company (Gov.uk, 2016). The publicly traded companies pay tax under corporate tax while the sole traders pay class 4 income tax on taxable profit (Fairlie 2012). Interpretation of financial ratios From the ratio analysis of wholesale and retail business we can see that both the segment have different financial ratios. According to Brooks and Mukherjee (2013), profit margin of the revenue operation can be obtained by analysing the gross and net profit margin of the business. Thereby, profitability of Wholesale and retail segments have different profitability. The gross margins were same both in wholesale and retail segments. However, the difference was seen in net margin. The retail segment has made more profit in the year than the wholesale segment. The current ratio of a business shows the presence of liquidity in the business. The liquidity is measured to understand the situation of cash or the liquid assets compare to the current obligations. Therefore, liquidity measurement is important for the analyst to know the capacity to meet the current liabilities with the existing balance sheet (Lipman 2016). In this context, the current ratio of retail business was higher than the wholesale business. Further, the quick ratio of retail segment was higher than that of the wholesale segment. The gearing ratio provides the information on gearing funds with respect to the existing capital in the business. Thereby, it posits the analysis of external funds in the business. 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